Tenure and Academic Freedom
There’s a line you tend to hear in Canadian universities: that tenure “is essential to the defence of academic freedom”. There’s no question that historically, in North America, the two concepts grew up together, and have been intertwined here for about a century. But it’s demonstrably false that tenure is the only way to defend academic freedom. In Europe, tenure has an entirely different historical origin. Civil servants in many countries have tenure, and since university professors in many places were (and