Cohort A | Cohort B

This module contains information on behaviours of parents and siblings of the student as well as parental expectation of the student's education and barriers on the way. Links to related code books are provided at the bottom.
In Cycle 1, the information in this module comes from 3 sources: the PISA student questionnaire, the YITS student questionnaire, and the YITS parent questionnaire. The column titled "Source" gives the data source of variables listed on its left. Data collected from the YITS student questionnaire and PISA student questionnaire are reported by students themselves, while data collected from the YITS parent questionnaire are reported by their parents. From Cycle 2, only students were followed up and information is reported by students themselves in Cycle 2 and thereafter.

Variable	General Description	YITS Code
		Cycle 1		Cycle 2	Cycle 3	Cycle 4
		Code	Source	Cycle 2	Cycle 3	Cycle 4
Parents' attitude towards student's education - Student's perception	Student's report on the importance level to the parent in respect to graduation from high school and further education of the student.	YSK8A:B, YSK9A:B	YITS Student	U2Q57, U2Q58	N.A.	N.A.
Parent's attitude towards student's education - Parent's perception	Parent's report on the importance level to the parent in respect to graduation from high school and further education of the student.	PB21A, PB21B	YITS Parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Parents' expectation towards student's educational future	Parent's report on the highest level of education that they hope child will get, their reason, and feeling of certainty.	PB22, PB23, PB24	YITS Parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Education barriers - Parent's perception	Parent's reports on barriers to the highest level of education that the parent hope the student will get. (Student reported barriers can be found in the module of Education and Work Aspirations.)	PB25A, PB25B1:6	YITS parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Parents' funding for PSE	Parent's reports on the efforts that he/she did for funding the student's PSE.	PB26, PB2701:08	YITS Parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Communication between Parents and Child	Parent's reports on the frequency that he/she discussed about political/social issues, school, or future education/career, or spent time or did activities together with the student	PB15A:G	YITS Parent	U2Q56	F3Q11	N.A.
Culture Communication with Parents	Student's reports on the frequency with which their parents/guardians engaged with them in discussing political or social issues; discussing books, films or television programs; and listening to classical music. A PISA index is derived from these information.	ST19Q01:03, CULTCOM	PISA Student	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Social Communication with Parents	Student's reports on the frequency that their parents/guardians engaged with them in discussing how well they is doing at school; eating with them around a table; and spending time simply talking with them. A PISA index is derived from these information.	ST19Q04:06, SOCCOM	PISA Student	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Child's Autonomy	Parent's reports on the participation of the student and the parent in the decision-making for various topics about after-school activities	PB16A:E	YITS Parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Parents' Monitoring Behaviour	Parent's reports on the frequency that the parent: know where child goes at night; know what child is doing when he/she goes out; and, know who child spends time with when he/she goes out. A YITS scale variable is derived from these information.	PB17A, PB17D, PB17G, PMONS1, PMONE1	YITS Parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Parents' Nurturance Behaviour	Parent's reports on the frequency with which parents: praise child; listen to child's ideas and options; make sure child knows that they are appreciated; speak of good things those children does; and, seem proud of the things child does. A YITS scale variable is derived from these information.	PB17C, PB17F, PB17J, PB17M, PB17O, PNURS1, PNURE1	YITS Parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Parents' inconsistent discipline or rejection-oriented behaviour	Parent's reports on the frequency with which parents: soon forget a rule that they have made; nag child about little things; keep rules only when it suits themselves; get angry and yell at child; threaten punishment more often than using it; and, enforce or do not enforce rules depending on their mood. A YITS scale variable is derived from these information.	PB17B, PB17E, PB17H, PB17I, PB17L, PN17N, PREJS1, PREJE1	YITS Parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Family educational support	Student's reports on the frequency that his/her parents and siblings work with them on their schoolwork. A PISA index is then derived.	ST20Q01:03, FAMEDSUP	PISA Student	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
Siblings' HS interruption	Parent's reports on whether the student's bothers or sisters have ever dropped out of high school	PB20	YITS Parent	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.

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YITS Cohort A - Parents' Behaviour

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